Source code for idaes.unit_models.pressure_changer

##############################################################################
# Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems Process Systems
# Engineering Framework (IDAES PSE Framework) Copyright (c) 2018-2019, by the
# software owners: The Regents of the University of California, through
# Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,  National Technology & Engineering
# Solutions of Sandia, LLC, Carnegie Mellon University, West Virginia
# University Research Corporation, et al. All rights reserved.
#
# Please see the files COPYRIGHT.txt and LICENSE.txt for full copyright and
# license information, respectively. Both files are also available online
# at the URL "https://github.com/IDAES/idaes-pse".
##############################################################################

"""
Standard IDAES pressure changer model.
"""

# Import Python libraries
from enum import Enum

# Import Pyomo libraries
from pyomo.environ import SolverFactory, value, Var
from pyomo.opt import TerminationCondition
from pyomo.common.config import ConfigBlock, ConfigValue, In

# Import IDAES cores
from idaes.core import (ControlVolume0DBlock,
                        declare_process_block_class,
                        EnergyBalanceType,
                        MomentumBalanceType,
                        MaterialBalanceType,
                        UnitModelBlockData,
                        useDefault)
from idaes.core.util.config import is_physical_parameter_block
from idaes.core.util.misc import add_object_reference
from idaes.core.util.exceptions import BalanceTypeNotSupportedError, BurntToast
from idaes.logger import getIdaesLogger, getInitLogger, init_tee, condition

__author__ = "Emmanuel Ogbe, Andrew Lee"
_log = getIdaesLogger(__name__)


[docs]class ThermodynamicAssumption(Enum): isothermal = 1 isentropic = 2 pump = 3 adiabatic = 4
[docs]@declare_process_block_class("PressureChanger") class PressureChangerData(UnitModelBlockData): """ Standard Compressor/Expander Unit Model Class """ CONFIG = UnitModelBlockData.CONFIG() CONFIG.declare("material_balance_type", ConfigValue( default=MaterialBalanceType.useDefault, domain=In(MaterialBalanceType), description="Material balance construction flag", doc="""Indicates what type of mass balance should be constructed, **default** - MaterialBalanceType.useDefault. **Valid values:** { **MaterialBalanceType.useDefault - refer to property package for default balance type **MaterialBalanceType.none** - exclude material balances, **MaterialBalanceType.componentPhase** - use phase component balances, **MaterialBalanceType.componentTotal** - use total component balances, **MaterialBalanceType.elementTotal** - use total element balances, **MaterialBalanceType.total** - use total material balance.}""")) CONFIG.declare("energy_balance_type", ConfigValue( default=EnergyBalanceType.useDefault, domain=In(EnergyBalanceType), description="Energy balance construction flag", doc="""Indicates what type of energy balance should be constructed, **default** - EnergyBalanceType.useDefault. **Valid values:** { **EnergyBalanceType.useDefault - refer to property package for default balance type **EnergyBalanceType.none** - exclude energy balances, **EnergyBalanceType.enthalpyTotal** - single enthalpy balance for material, **EnergyBalanceType.enthalpyPhase** - enthalpy balances for each phase, **EnergyBalanceType.energyTotal** - single energy balance for material, **EnergyBalanceType.energyPhase** - energy balances for each phase.}""")) CONFIG.declare("momentum_balance_type", ConfigValue( default=MomentumBalanceType.pressureTotal, domain=In(MomentumBalanceType), description="Momentum balance construction flag", doc="""Indicates what type of momentum balance should be constructed, **default** - MomentumBalanceType.pressureTotal. **Valid values:** { **MomentumBalanceType.none** - exclude momentum balances, **MomentumBalanceType.pressureTotal** - single pressure balance for material, **MomentumBalanceType.pressurePhase** - pressure balances for each phase, **MomentumBalanceType.momentumTotal** - single momentum balance for material, **MomentumBalanceType.momentumPhase** - momentum balances for each phase.}""")) CONFIG.declare("has_phase_equilibrium", ConfigValue( default=False, domain=In([True, False]), description="Phase equilibrium construction flag", doc="""Indicates whether terms for phase equilibrium should be constructed, **default** = False. **Valid values:** { **True** - include phase equilibrium terms **False** - exclude phase equilibrium terms.}""")) CONFIG.declare("compressor", ConfigValue( default=True, domain=In([True, False]), description="Compressor flag", doc="""Indicates whether this unit should be considered a compressor (True (default), pressure increase) or an expander (False, pressure decrease).""")) CONFIG.declare("thermodynamic_assumption", ConfigValue( default=ThermodynamicAssumption.isothermal, domain=In(ThermodynamicAssumption), description="Thermodynamic assumption to use", doc="""Flag to set the thermodynamic assumption to use for the unit. - ThermodynamicAssumption.isothermal (default) - ThermodynamicAssumption.isentropic - ThermodynamicAssumption.pump - ThermodynamicAssumption.adiabatic""")) CONFIG.declare("property_package", ConfigValue( default=useDefault, domain=is_physical_parameter_block, description="Property package to use for control volume", doc="""Property parameter object used to define property calculations, **default** - useDefault. **Valid values:** { **useDefault** - use default package from parent model or flowsheet, **PropertyParameterObject** - a PropertyParameterBlock object.}""")) CONFIG.declare("property_package_args", ConfigBlock( implicit=True, description="Arguments to use for constructing property packages", doc="""A ConfigBlock with arguments to be passed to a property block(s) and used when constructing these, **default** - None. **Valid values:** { see property package for documentation.}"""))
[docs] def build(self): """ Args: None Returns: None """ # Call UnitModel.build super(PressureChangerData, self).build() # Add a control volume to the unit including setting up dynamics. self.control_volume = ControlVolume0DBlock(default={ "dynamic": self.config.dynamic, "has_holdup": self.config.has_holdup, "property_package": self.config.property_package, "property_package_args": self.config.property_package_args}) # Add geomerty variables to control volume if self.config.has_holdup: self.control_volume.add_geometry() # Add inlet and outlet state blocks to control volume self.control_volume.add_state_blocks( has_phase_equilibrium=self.config.has_phase_equilibrium) # Add mass balance # Set has_equilibrium is False for now # TO DO; set has_equilibrium to True self.control_volume.add_material_balances( balance_type=self.config.material_balance_type, has_phase_equilibrium=self.config.has_phase_equilibrium) # Add energy balance self.control_volume.add_energy_balances( balance_type=self.config.energy_balance_type, has_work_transfer=True) # add momentum balance self.control_volume.add_momentum_balances( balance_type=self.config.momentum_balance_type, has_pressure_change=True) # Add Ports self.add_inlet_port() self.add_outlet_port() # Set Unit Geometry and holdup Volume if self.config.has_holdup is True: add_object_reference(self, "volume", self.control_volume.volume) # Construct performance equations # Set references to balance terms at unit level # Add Work transfer variable 'work' as necessary add_object_reference(self, "work_mechanical", self.control_volume.work) # Add Momentum balance variable 'deltaP' as necessary add_object_reference(self, "deltaP", self.control_volume.deltaP) # Set reference to scaling factor for pressure in control volume add_object_reference(self, "sfp", self.control_volume.scaling_factor_pressure) # Set reference to scaling factor for energy in control volume add_object_reference(self, "sfe", self.control_volume.scaling_factor_energy) # Performance Variables self.ratioP = Var(self.flowsheet().config.time, initialize=1.0, doc="Pressure Ratio") # Pressure Ratio @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Pressure ratio constraint") def ratioP_calculation(b, t): return (self.sfp * b.ratioP[t] * b.control_volume.properties_in[t].pressure == self.sfp * b.control_volume.properties_out[t].pressure) # Construct equations for thermodynamic assumption if self.config.thermodynamic_assumption == \ ThermodynamicAssumption.isothermal: self.add_isothermal() elif self.config.thermodynamic_assumption == \ ThermodynamicAssumption.isentropic: self.add_isentropic() elif self.config.thermodynamic_assumption == \ ThermodynamicAssumption.pump: self.add_pump() elif self.config.thermodynamic_assumption == \ ThermodynamicAssumption.adiabatic: self.add_adiabatic()
[docs] def add_pump(self): """ Add constraints for the incompressible fluid assumption Args: None Returns: None """ self.work_fluid = Var( self.flowsheet().config.time, initialize=1.0, doc="Work required to increase the pressure of the liquid") self.efficiency_pump = Var( self.flowsheet().config.time, initialize=1.0, doc="Pump efficiency") @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Pump fluid work constraint") def fluid_work_calculation(b, t): return b.work_fluid[t] == ( (b.control_volume.properties_out[t].pressure - b.control_volume.properties_in[t].pressure) * b.control_volume.properties_out[t].flow_vol) # Actual work @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Actual mechanical work calculation") def actual_work(b, t): if b.config.compressor: return b.sfe * b.work_fluid[t] == b.sfe * ( b.work_mechanical[t] * b.efficiency_pump[t]) else: return b.sfe * b.work_mechanical[t] == b.sfe * ( b.work_fluid[t] * b.efficiency_pump[t])
[docs] def add_isothermal(self): """ Add constraints for isothermal assumption. Args: None Returns: None """ # Isothermal constraint @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="For isothermal condition: Equate inlet and " "outlet temperature") def isothermal(b, t): return b.control_volume.properties_in[t].temperature == \ b.control_volume.properties_out[t].temperature
[docs] def add_adiabatic(self): """ Add constraints for adiabatic assumption. Args: None Returns: None """ # Isothermal constraint @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="For isothermal condition: Equate inlet and " "outlet enthalpy") def adiabatic(b, t): return b.control_volume.properties_in[t].enth_mol == \ b.control_volume.properties_out[t].enth_mol
[docs] def add_isentropic(self): """ Add constraints for isentropic assumption. Args: None Returns: None """ # Get indexing sets from control volume # Add isentropic variables self.efficiency_isentropic = Var(self.flowsheet().config.time, initialize=0.8, doc="Efficiency with respect to an " "isentropic process [-]") self.work_isentropic = Var(self.flowsheet().config.time, initialize=0.0, doc="Work input to unit if isentropic " "process [-]") # Build isentropic state block tmp_dict = dict(**self.config.property_package_args) tmp_dict["has_phase_equilibrium"] = self.config.has_phase_equilibrium tmp_dict["parameters"] = self.config.property_package tmp_dict["defined_state"] = False self.properties_isentropic = ( self.config.property_package.state_block_class( self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="isentropic properties at outlet", default=tmp_dict)) # Connect isentropic state block properties @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Pressure for isentropic calculations") def isentropic_pressure(b, t): return b.sfp * b.properties_isentropic[t].pressure == \ b.sfp * b.control_volume.properties_out[t].pressure # This assumes isentropic composition is the same as outlet mb_type = self.config.material_balance_type if mb_type == MaterialBalanceType.useDefault: mb_type = \ self.control_volume._get_representative_property_block() \ .default_material_balance_type() if mb_type == \ MaterialBalanceType.componentPhase: @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, self.config.property_package.phase_list, self.config.property_package.component_list, doc="Material flows for isentropic properties") def isentropic_material(b, t, p, j): return ( b.properties_isentropic[t].get_material_flow_terms(p, j) == b.control_volume.properties_out[t] .get_material_flow_terms(p, j)) elif mb_type == \ MaterialBalanceType.componentTotal: @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, self.config.property_package.component_list, doc="Material flows for isentropic properties") def isentropic_material(b, t, j): return (sum( b.properties_isentropic[t].get_material_flow_terms(p, j) for p in self.config.property_package.phase_list) == sum(b.control_volume.properties_out[t] .get_material_flow_terms(p, j) for p in self.config.property_package.phase_list)) elif mb_type == \ MaterialBalanceType.total: @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Material flows for isentropic properties") def isentropic_material(b, t, p, j): return (sum(sum( b.properties_isentropic[t].get_material_flow_terms(p, j) for j in self.config.property_package.component_list) for p in self.config.property_package.phase_list) == sum(sum(b.control_volume.properties_out[t] .get_material_flow_terms(p, j) for j in self.config.property_package.component_list) for p in self.config.property_package.phase_list)) elif mb_type == \ MaterialBalanceType.elementTotal: raise BalanceTypeNotSupportedError( "{} PressureChanger does not support element balances." .format(self.name)) elif mb_type == \ MaterialBalanceType.none: raise BalanceTypeNotSupportedError( "{} PressureChanger does not support material_balance_type" " = none." .format(self.name)) else: raise BurntToast( "{} PressureChanger received an unexpected argument for " "material_balance_type. This should never happen. Please " "contact the IDAES developers with this bug." .format(self.name)) # This assumes isentropic entropy is the same as inlet @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Isentropic assumption") def isentropic(b, t): return b.properties_isentropic[t].entr_mol == \ b.control_volume.properties_in[t].entr_mol # Isentropic work @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Calculate work of isentropic process") def isentropic_energy_balance(b, t): return b.sfe * b.work_isentropic[t] == b.sfe * ( sum(b.properties_isentropic[t].get_enthalpy_flow_terms(p) for p in b.config.property_package.phase_list) - sum(b.control_volume.properties_in[t] .get_enthalpy_flow_terms(p) for p in b.config.property_package.phase_list)) # Actual work @self.Constraint(self.flowsheet().config.time, doc="Actual mechanical work calculation") def actual_work(b, t): if b.config.compressor: return b.sfe * b.work_isentropic[t] == b.sfe * ( b.work_mechanical[t] * b.efficiency_isentropic[t]) else: return b.sfe * b.work_mechanical[t] == b.sfe * ( b.work_isentropic[t] * b.efficiency_isentropic[t])
[docs] def model_check(blk): """ Check that pressure change matches with compressor argument (i.e. if compressor = True, pressure should increase or work should be positive) Args: None Returns: None """ if blk.config.compressor: # Compressor # Check that pressure does not decrease if any(blk.deltaP[t].fixed and (value(blk.deltaP[t]) < 0.0) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Compressor set with negative deltaP.' .format(blk.name)) if any(blk.ratioP[t].fixed and (value(blk.ratioP[t]) < 1.0) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Compressor set with ratioP less than 1.' .format(blk.name)) if any(blk.control_volume.properties_out[t].pressure.fixed and (value(blk.control_volume.properties_in[t].pressure) > value(blk.control_volume.properties_out[t].pressure)) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Compressor set with pressure decrease.' .format(blk.name)) # Check that work is not negative if any(blk.work_mechanical[t].fixed and (value(blk.work_mechanical[t]) < 0.0) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Compressor maybe set with negative work.' .format(blk.name)) else: # Expander # Check that pressure does not increase if any(blk.deltaP[t].fixed and (value(blk.deltaP[t]) > 0.0) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Expander/turbine set with positive deltaP.' .format(blk.name)) if any(blk.ratioP[t].fixed and (value(blk.ratioP[t]) > 1.0) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Expander/turbine set with ratioP greater ' 'than 1.'.format(blk.name)) if any(blk.control_volume.properties_out[t].pressure.fixed and (value(blk.control_volume.properties_in[t].pressure) < value(blk.control_volume.properties_out[t].pressure)) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Expander/turbine maybe set with pressure ', 'increase.'.format(blk.name)) # Check that work is not positive if any(blk.work_mechanical[t].fixed and (value(blk.work_mechanical[t]) > 0.0) for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time): _log.warning('{} Expander/turbine set with positive work.' .format(blk.name)) # Run holdup block model checks blk.control_volume.model_check() # Run model checks on isentropic property block try: for t in blk.flowsheet().config.time: blk.properties_in[t].model_check() except AttributeError: pass
[docs] def initialize(blk, state_args=None, routine=None, outlvl=6, solver='ipopt', optarg={'tol': 1e-6}): ''' General wrapper for pressure changer initialization routines Keyword Arguments: routine : str stating which initialization routine to execute * None - use routine matching thermodynamic_assumption * 'isentropic' - use isentropic initialization routine * 'isothermal' - use isothermal initialization routine state_args : a dict of arguments to be passed to the property package(s) to provide an initial state for initialization (see documentation of the specific property package) (default = {}). outlvl : sets output level of initialization routine * 0 = Use default idaes.init logger setting * 1 = Maximum output * 2 = Include solver output * 3 = Return solver state for each step in subroutines * 4 = Return solver state for each step in routine * 5 = Final initialization status and exceptions * 6 = No output optarg : solver options dictionary object (default={'tol': 1e-6}) solver : str indicating whcih solver to use during initialization (default = 'ipopt') Returns: None ''' if routine is None: # Use routine for specific type of unit routine = blk.config.thermodynamic_assumption # Call initialization routine if routine is ThermodynamicAssumption.isentropic: blk.init_isentropic(state_args=state_args, outlvl=outlvl, solver=solver, optarg=optarg) else: # Call the general initialization routine in UnitModelBlockData super(PressureChangerData, blk).initialize(state_args=state_args, outlvl=outlvl, solver=solver, optarg=optarg)
[docs] def init_isentropic(blk, state_args, outlvl, solver, optarg): ''' Initialization routine for unit (default solver ipopt) Keyword Arguments: state_args : a dict of arguments to be passed to the property package(s) to provide an initial state for initialization (see documentation of the specific property package) (default = {}). outlvl : sets output level of initialization routine * 0 = Use default idaes.init logger setting * 1 = Maximum output * 2 = Include solver output * 3 = Return solver state for each step in subroutines * 4 = Return solver state for each step in routine * 5 = Final initialization status and exceptions * 6 = No output optarg : solver options dictionary object (default={'tol': 1e-6}) solver : str indicating whcih solver to use during initialization (default = 'ipopt') Returns: None ''' init_log = getInitLogger(blk.name, outlvl) # Set solver options opt = SolverFactory(solver) opt.options = optarg # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # Initialize holdup block flags = blk.control_volume.initialize(outlvl=outlvl + 1, optarg=optarg, solver=solver, state_args=state_args) init_log.log(4, "Initialization Step 1 Complete.") # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # Initialize Isentropic block # Set state_args from inlet state if state_args is None: state_args = {} state_dict = ( blk.control_volume.properties_in[ blk.flowsheet().config.time.first()] .define_port_members()) for k in state_dict.keys(): if state_dict[k].is_indexed(): state_args[k] = {} for m in state_dict[k].keys(): state_args[k][m] = state_dict[k][m].value else: state_args[k] = state_dict[k].value blk.properties_isentropic.initialize( outlvl=outlvl - 1, optarg=optarg, solver=solver, state_args=state_args) init_log.log(4, "Initialization Step 2 Complete.") # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # Solve for isothermal conditions if isinstance(blk.properties_isentropic[blk. flowsheet().config.time.first()].temperature, Var): blk.properties_isentropic[:].temperature.fix() blk.isentropic.deactivate() results = opt.solve(blk, tee=init_tee(init_log)) init_log.log(4, "Initialization Step 3 {}.".format(condition(results))) if isinstance(blk.properties_isentropic[blk. flowsheet().config.time.first()].temperature, Var): blk.properties_isentropic[:].temperature.unfix() blk.isentropic.activate() # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # Solve unit results = opt.solve(blk, tee=init_tee(init_log)) init_log.log(4, "Initialization Step 4 {}.".format(condition(results))) # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # Release Inlet state blk.control_volume.release_state(flags, outlvl + 1) init_log.log(5, "Initialization Complete: {}".format(condition(results)))
def _get_performance_contents(self, time_point=0): var_dict = {} if hasattr(self, "deltaP"): var_dict["Mechanical Work"] = self.work_mechanical[time_point] if hasattr(self, "deltaP"): var_dict["Pressure Change"] = self.deltaP[time_point] if hasattr(self, "ratioP"): var_dict["Pressure Ratio"] = self.ratioP[time_point] if hasattr(self, "efficiency_pump"): var_dict["Efficiency"] = self.efficiency_pump[time_point] if hasattr(self, "efficiency_isentropic"): var_dict["Isentropic Efficiency"] = \ self.efficiency_isentropic[time_point] return {"vars": var_dict}